These symptoms include:Īround 65 per 100,000 people are believed to have type 2 narcolepsy. You won’t experience muscle weakness in type 2.īut in general, symptoms of type 2 narcolepsy are very similar to type 1. The main difference between the types is the presence of cataplexy. But it is possible that the cataplexy symptoms just weren’t recognized before. Some experts believe type 2 narcolepsy could be a precursor to type 1 narcolepsy, since some people go on to develop cataplexy later in life. ![]() People with this type of narcolepsy don’t experience cataplexy or have low levels of hypocretin. The precise cause of type 2 narcolepsy remains unknown. Type 2 narcolepsy was previously called narcolepsy without cataplexy. Some people can start having symptoms in early childhood, though it’s commonly misdiagnosed as ADHD or behavioral problems. Most people start having symptoms in their late teens or early 20s. But this doesn’t account for everyone who might have narcolepsy but are either misdiagnosed or undiagnosed. You may also have co-occurring sleep disorders, such as insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, and periodic leg movements.Īnyone with narcolepsy may also experience:Īccording to a 2019 study, 14 per 100,000 people are diagnosed with type 1 narcolepsy. When they happen while falling asleep, they’re called hypnagogic hallucinations. When they happen upon waking, they’re called hypnopompic hallucinations. Vivid visual hallucinations usually occur at the beginning or end of the sleep cycle. When you experience sleep paralysis, you’re temporarily unable to move or speak while falling asleep or waking up. ![]() There’s no loss of consciousness during an episode of cataplexy. It may last a few seconds or several minutes while you’re awake. Cataplexy is when you experience sudden muscle weakness. In addition, 10–25% of individuals with type 1 narcolepsy have these other symptoms: You may have several attacks during a single day. The main symptom of narcolepsy is EDS, regardless if it’s type 1 or 2.Īttacks of excessive daytime sleepiness can last a few seconds to several minutes and vary in frequency. Some evidence suggests that the HLA-DQB1-0602 gene is present in a majority of people with type 1 narcolepsy who have cataplexy and hypocretin deficiency.Īlthough this gene explanation is widely accepted, it’s still not fully proven and more research is needed. However, genetic factors may play an important role. Researchers don’t fully understand why this is, but believe that some sort of autoimmune condition could be the cause. Hypocretin, also known as orexin, is a chemical that helps regulate wakefulness and sleep.Īccording to research in 2017, people with type 1 narcolepsy have a loss of up to 95% of hypocretin-producing neurons in the part of the brain called the lateral hypothalamus. Narcolepsy type 1 occurs when nearly all neurons containing hypocretin are lost. Note: A definitive diagnosis requires daily periods of irrepressible need to sleep or daytime lapses into sleep plus either: a) cataplexy and multiple sleep latency test/polysomnography (MSLT/PSG) findings characteristic of narcolepsy or b) demonstrated CSF hypocretin deficiency.Narcolepsy with cataplexy is known as narcolepsy type 1. The disorder is not attributable to a disease of the nervous system or other medical condition. Episodes of sleep paralysis and hypnagogic or hypnopompic hallucinations may also be present. In such cases, a diagnosis of Narcolepsy, Type 1 may be made based on CSF-hypocretin levels < 110 picograms per milliliter. Although cataplexy is a pathognomonic symptom of type 1 narcolepsy, it may not manifest until years following onset of the sleepiness. Cataplexy is a sudden and uncontrollable loss of muscle tone arising during wakefulness that is typically triggered by a strong emotion, such as excitement or laughter. In addition to daily periods of irrepressible need to sleep or daytime lapses into sleep, type 1 narcolepsy is characterised by symptoms of REM sleep dissociation, most importantly cataplexy. Type 1 narcolepsy is a disorder of excessive sleepiness due to a deficiency of hypothalamic hypocretin (orexin) signaling. ![]() ICD-11 MMS 07 Sleep-wake disorders Hypersomnolence disorders (7A20-7A2Z) 7A20 Narcolepsy 7A20.0 Narcolepsy, Type 1 International Classification of Diseases for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics, 11th Revision, v2022-02
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